Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1526-1551, 1556-1570), Principality of Transylvania (1570-1765), Grand Principality of Transylvania (1765-1867)
Independent State (1526-1551, 1556-1804), Crown Land of Austria (1804-1867)
Location: Northwest Romania
Capital City: Lipova (1526-1542), Gyulafehérvár (1542-1692), Nagyszeben (1692-1791, 1848-1861), Kolozsvár (1791-1848, 1861-1867
Government type: Elective Monarchy (1526-1551, 1556-1711), Monarchy (1711-1804), Crown Land of Austria (1804-1867)
Main languages: Hungarian, Romanian, German
Main religions: Catholic Christianity, Orthodox Christianity, Protestant Christianity
Chronology
1526: Transylvania doesn't accept Ferdinand Habsburg's election as King of Hungary, selecting János Szápolyai instead, effectively splitting from Hungary as its own kingdom, while claiming the whole country.
1538: Ferdinand and János recognize each other's titles and territories, formalizing the division
1540: János' son János II lays claim to Habsburg Hungary after his father's death. This causes the Habsburgs to invade Transylvania and the Ottomans to launch a counter-invasion in opposition to the Habsburgs spreading their influence
1541-1551: Ottoman vassal
1551-1556: Reunited with Hungary
1556-1699: Ottoman vassal
1570: János II takes the title Prince of Transylvania and drops his claim to Hungary
1599-1600: Personal union with Wallachia (and Moldavia in just 1600)
1661: Transylvania attempts to renounce Ottoman suzerainty, leading to an invasion and the death of Prince János Kemény in battle.
1680-1711: Austrian vassal, formalized by the Diploma Leopoldinum in 1690
1711-1804: Personal union with Austria and the other Habsburg realms after Prince Ferenc II Rákóczi leads a failed revolt against Habsburg overlordship
1765: title of Prince elevated to Grand Prince
1804: Becomes a Crown land of the Austrian Empire
1848-1849: Hungarian rebel government proclaims union with Transylvania, but their control is limited
1867: Incorporated into Hungary as part of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy
Currency
Thaler (1526-1780)
1 Thaler = 24 Garas = 48 Poltura = 60 Krajczár = 120 Greschl = 252 Denár/Pfennig = 504 Obulus
Coins from Transylvania in the collection
•1 Denár, 1621 (Prince Gábor Bethlen (1613-1629), silver, KM#120)