Kingdom of Scotland (843-1652, 1660-1707), Scotland (1707-present)
Independent Kingdom (843-1652, 1660-1707), Part of the United Kingdom (1707-present)
Location: Northern Britain
Capital City: Scone (843-1296), Dunfermline (1058-1437), Stirling (1296-1306), Perth (1306-1452), Edinburgh (1452-1652, 1660-present)
Government type: Semi-Constitutional Monarchy (843-1652, 1660-1689), Constitutional Monarchy (1689-present)
Main languages: Scottish Gaelic, Scots, English, Norn, Old Irish
Main religions: Protestant Christianity
Chronology
843: Kenneth Mac Alpin, King of Dal Riata, unites Dal Riata with Pictland, becoming the first King of Scots
866-871: Vassal to Dublin
1178-1189: Vassal to England
1291-1293: Vassal to England
1296-1297: Occupied by England
1296-1328: First Scottish War of Independence
1304-1307: Occupied by England
1332-1357: Second Scottish War of Independence
1603: James VI inherits the throne of England and Ireland, putting England, Ireland and Scotland in personal union
1650: Invaded and occupied by English parliamentarians
1652: Annexed to England under Cromwell
1660: Kingdom restored in personal union with England and Ireland
1707: Merges with England to form Great Britain
1999: Devolved Scottish parliament established within the United Kingdom
Currency
Pound (1136-1707)
1 Pound = 2 Angel = 5 Testoon = 20 Shillings/Nonsunt = 40 Bawbee = 60 Groat/Plack = 80 Crux Pellit = 120 Hardhead/Turner/Bodle = 160 Lion = 240 Pence = 960 Farthing • 1 Merk = 2/3 Pound • 1 Unicorn = 18 Shillings • 1 Ryal = 1.5 Pounds • 1 Crown = 3 Pounds • 1 Rider = 5 Pounds • 1 Pistole = 12 Pounds
Pound (1707-1971)
1 Pound = 20 Shillings = 240 Pence
Pound (1971-present)
1 Pound = 100 Pence
Coins from Scotland in the collection
•1 Penny, King James IV (1488-1513) (billon, Sp#5362)
•1 Turner, 1678 (King Charles II (1660-1685), copper, Edinburgh mint, KM#114)
•1/4 Merk, 1602 (King James VI (1567-1625), silver (.916), Edinburgh mint, KM#14)
Banknotes from Scotland in the collection
•1 Pound, 1964 (Queen Elizabeth II (1952-2022), P#102) Bank of Scotland
•1 Pound, 1978 (Queen Elizabeth II (1952-2022), P#204) Clydesdale Bank
•5 Pound, 2010 (Queen Elizabeth II (1952-2022), P#352) Royal Bank of Scotland
•10 Pound, 2007 (Queen Elizabeth II (1952-2022), P#125) Bank of Scotland
•10 Pound, 2009 (Queen Elizabeth II (1952-2022), P#229J) Clydesdale Bank
•20 Pound, 2013 (Queen Elizabeth II (1952-2022), P#22K) Clydesdale Bank
Note: Scotland has not had a separate currency from the rest of the United Kingdom since 1707, but uniquely Scottish banknotes are issued by various banks given legal rights to issue currency backed by deposits in the Bank of England. Scotland notes are legal currency, but not legal tender, which in British law specifically means currency that must be accepted to settle a debt. notes issued by the Bank of England are legal tender in England and Wales, but not Scotland and Northern Ireland, but can still be used as legal currency valid for payment anywhere in the United Kingdom. Conversely, notes issued by authorized banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland are not legal tender anywhere in the country, but can still be used as currency anywhere they will be accepted. For more information, see this article on the Bank of England's website, which probably explains it better than I can.