State of the Church
Christian Theocracy in Italy (754-1798, 1799-1809, 1814-1849, 1849-1870)
Location: Central Italy
Capital City: Rome (754-1308, 1376-1870), Avignon (1308-1376)
Government type: Theocratic Elective Absolute Monarchy (756-1798, 1799-1809, 1814-1847, 1849-1870), Theocratic Elective Semi-Constitutional Monarchy (1847-1849)
Main languages: Latin, Italian, Romagnol, Emilian
Main religions: Catholic Christianity
Chronology
754: Donation of Pepin, the Frankish King Pepin the Short gives Pope Stephen II a temporal domain in Central Italy from lands the Franks captured from the Lombards
1347: Roman politician Cola di Rienzo briefly takes over the city
1798-1799: Short-lived French puppet state "Roman Republic"
1809: Annexed by France
1814: Restoration of the Papal States
1849: Brief usurpation by new "Roman Republic"
1860: Territories outside of Latium annexed to Sardinia
1870: Remainder of the Papal States annexed to Italy, beginning the "Prisoner in the Vatican" period until the 1929 establishment of Vatican City.
Currency
Denier (754-1188)
1 Denier = 2 Obols • 1 Solidus = 12 Deniers • 1 Libra = 20 Solidi
Grosso/Baiocco/Bolognino (1188-1534)
1 Giulio = 2 Grossi • 1 Ducat = 12 Giulio
First Scudo (1534-1835)
1 Scudo = 4 Lira = 8 Bianco = 10 Giuli/Paoli = 20 Grossi = 80 Bolognini = 100 Baiocchi = 250 Sesini = 500 Quattrini • 1 Teston = 2 Carlins = 10 Grossetti = 30 Baiocchi
Second Scudo (1835-1866)
1 Scudo = 100 Baiocco = 2000 Quattrino
Lira (1866-1870)
1 Lira = 20 Soldi = 100 Centesimi
Coins from the Papal States in the collection
•1 Quattrino, Pope Innocent XIII (1721-1724) (copper, Gubbio mint, KM#102)
•1 Quattrino, 1784 (Pope Pius VI (1775-1799), copper, Rome mint, KM#1223)
•1 Baiocco, 1801 (Pope Pius VII (1800-1823), copper, Rome mint, KM#1263)
•1/2 Baiocco, 1839 (Pope Gregory XVI (1831-1846), copper, Bologna mint, KM#1319)
•1 Baiocco, 1850 (Pope Pius IX (1846-1878), copper, Rome mint, KM#1345)
•1 Soldo, 1866 (Pope Pius IX (1846-1878), copper, Rome mint, KM#1372)
•10 Soldo, 1866 (Pope Pius IX (1846-1878), silver (.835), Rome mint, KM#1376)