Italy

Kingdom of Italy (962-1648, 1805-1814), 1861-1946), Italian Republic (1802-1805, 1946-present)

Kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire (962-1648), Puppet State of France (1802-1814), Independent State (1861-present)

Location: Southern Europe

Capital City: Pavia (962-1024), Milan (1802-1814), Turin (1861-1865), Florence (1865-1870), Rome (1870-present)

Government type: Elective Monarchy (962-1648), Republic (1805-1814, 1946-present), Absolute Monarchy (1805-1814), Constututional Monarchy (1861-1946), Constitutional Monarchy under fascist dictatorship (1922-1943)

Main languages: Italian, Venetian, Piedmontese, Tuscan, Neapolitan, Sicilian, Sardinian

Main religions: Catholic Christianity

Chronology

962: Kingdom of Italy created within the Holy Roman Empire

1648: Italy, at this point several states, officially leaves the Holy Roman Empire

1802: French puppet states of the Cisalpine Republic and Subalpine Republic merged into the Italian Republic

1805: Napoleon becomes King of Italy

1861: Kingdom of Italy founded by Sardinia merging with the United Provinces of Central Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

1922: Mussolini marches on Rome and forces his appointment as prime minister, beginning the fascist period

1943: Mussolini deposed by king and Italy joins allies. Mussolini flees north and runs an exiled German puppet government until 1945

1946: Republic established

Note: The Imperial Kingdom of Italy de facto ceased to exist before its formal end in 1648 once all its territory had been split into smaller states. I don't know when exactly this would have been.

Currency

Libra (962-1250)

1 Libra = 20 Solidi = 240 Deniers = 480 Obols

Lira (1802-1805)

1 Lira = 20 Soldo = 200 Denari

Lira (1807-1814)

1 Lira = 20 Soldo = 100 Centesimi

Lira (1861-2002)

1 Lira = 100 Centesimi

Euro (1999-present)

1 Euro = 100 Euro Cents

Coins from Italy in the collection

Imperial Kingdom (962-1648)

•1 Denaro, 1039-1125 (billon, Lucca mint, CNI XI#70.6)

Napoleonic Kingdom (1805-1814)

•3 Centesimo, 1811 (King Napoleone (1805-1814), copper, Milan mint, C#2)

•3 Centesimo, 1811 (King Napoleone (1805-1814), silver (.900), Milan mint, C#6)

Kingdom (1861-1946)

•2 Centesimo, 1916 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), copper, Rome mint, KM#41)

•5 Centesimo, 1861 (King Vittorio Emanuelle II (1861-1878), bronze, Milan mint, KM#3)

•5 Centesimo, 1862 (King Vittorio Emanuelle II (1861-1878), bronze, Naples mint, KM#3)

•5 Centesimo, 1923 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), copper, Rome mint, KM#59)

•5 Centesimo, 1933 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), copper, Rome mint, KM#59)

•5 Centesimo, 1942 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), bronzital, Rome mint, KM#73a)

•10 Centesimo, 1894 (King Umberto I (1878-1900), copper, Heaton Mint (Birmingham), KM#27)

•10 Centesimo, 1920 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), copper, Rome mint, KM#60)

•10 Centesimo, 1921 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), copper, Rome mint, KM#60)

•10 Centesimo, 1922 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), copper, Rome mint, KM#60)

•10 Centesimo, 1925 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), copper, Rome mint, KM#60)

•10 Centesimo, 1941 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), bronzital, Rome mint, KM#74a)

•10 Centesimo, 1943 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), bronzital, Rome mint, KM#74a)

•20 Centesimo, 1895 (King Umberto I (1878-1900), cupronickel, Rome mint, KM#28)

•20 Centesimo, 1918 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), cupronickel, Rome mint, KM#58)

•20 Centesimo, 1918 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), cupronickel, Rome mint, KM#58) reeded edge

•20 Centesimo, 1919 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), cupronickel, Rome mint, KM#58)

•20 Centesimo, 1921 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), nickel, Rome mint, KM#44)

•20 Centesimo, 1940 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), acmonital, Rome mint, KM#75b)

•20 Centesimo, 1941 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), acmonital, Rome mint, KM#75b)

•20 Centesimo, 1943 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), acmonital, Aosta and Rome mints, KM#75b)

•50 Centesimo, 1863 (King Vittorio Emanuelle II (1861-1878), silver (.835), Milan mint, KM#4.1)

•50 Centesimo, 1920 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), nickel, Rome mint, KM#61)

•50 Centesimo, 1939 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), acmonital, Rome mint, KM#76a)

•50 Centesimo, 1940 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), acmonital, Rome mint, KM#76b)

•50 Centesimo, 1941 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), acmonital, Rome mint, KM#76b)

•1 Lira, 1907 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), silver (.835), Rome mint, KM#32)

•1 Lira, 1940 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), acmonital, Rome mint, KM#77b)

•1 Lira, 1942 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), acmonital, Rome mint, KM#77b)

•2 Lira, 1940 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), acmonital, Rome mint, KM#78a)

•5 Lira, 1927 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), silver (.835), Rome mint, KM#67)

Republic (1946-present)

•1 Lira, 1955 (aluminum-magnesium, Rome mint, KM#91)

•5 Lira, 1948 (aluminum, Rome mint, KM#89)

•5 Lira, 1949 (aluminum, Rome mint, KM#89)

•5 Lira, 1952 (aluminum, Rome mint, KM#92)

•5 Lira, 1954 (aluminum, Rome mint, KM#92)

•10 Lira, 1948 (aluminum, Rome mint, KM#90)

•10 Lira, 1951 (aluminum-magnesium, Rome mint, KM#93)

•10 Lira, 1953 (aluminum-magnesium, Rome mint, KM#93)

•10 Lira, 1954 (aluminum-magnesium, Rome mint, KM#93)

•10 Lira, 1955 (aluminum-magnesium, Rome mint, KM#93)

•10 Lira, 1971 (aluminum-magnesium, Rome mint, KM#93)

•20 Lira, 1957 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#97)

•20 Lira, 1958 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#97)

•20 Lira, 1971 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#97)

•20 Lira, 1993 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#97)

•20 Lira, 1994 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#97)

•50 Lira, 1955 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1956 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1960 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1961 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1962 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1965 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1966 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1967 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1969 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1973 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1974 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1975 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1977 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1978 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1979 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.1)

•50 Lira, 1992 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#95.2)

•100 Lira, 1955 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.1)

•100 Lira, 1956 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.1)

•100 Lira, 1960 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.1)

•100 Lira, 1966 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.1)

•100 Lira, 1968 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.1)

•100 Lira, 1969 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.1)

•100 Lira, 1971 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.1)

•100 Lira, 1974 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#102) Commemorative: 100th Birthday of Guglielmo Marconi

•100 Lira, 1975 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.1)

•100 Lira, 1977 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.1)

•100 Lira, 1978 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.1)

•100 Lira, 1979 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.1)

•100 Lira, 1979 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#106) Comemmorative: FAO

•100 Lira, 1980 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.1)

•100 Lira, 1981 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#108) Commemorative: 100th Anniversary of the Livorno Naval Academy

•100 Lira, 1992 (acmonital, Rome mint, KM#96.2)

•100 Lira, 1993 (cupronickel, Rome mint, KM#159)

•100 Lira, 1995 (cupronickel, Rome mint, KM#180) Comemmorative: FAO

•100 Lira, 1997 (cupronickel, Rome mint, KM#159)

•200 Lira, 1978 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#105)

•200 Lira, 1979 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#105)

•200 Lira, 1980 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#105)

•200 Lira, 1980 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#107) Commemorative: FAO

•200 Lira, 1990 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#135) Commemorative: 100th Anniversary of the IV Section of the State Council

•200 Lira, 1992 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#151) Commemorative: 1992 Genoa Philatelic Exposition

•200 Lira, 1993 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#155) Commemorative: 70th Anniversary of Italian Military Aviation

•200 Lira, 1994 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#164) Commemorative: 180th Anniversary of the Arm of Carabinieri

•200 Lira, 1996 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#184) Commemorative: 100th Anniversary of the Guardia di Finanza

•200 Lira, 1997 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#186) Commemorative: 100th Anniversaey of the Italian Naval League

•200 Lira, 1998 (bronzital, Rome mint, KM#105)

•500 Lira, 1961 (silver (.835), Rome mint, KM#99) Commemorative: 100th Anniversary of the Unfiication of Italy

•500 Lira, 1983 (bronzital center in acmonital ring, Rome mint, KM#111)

•500 Lira, 1986 (bronzital center in acmonital ring, Rome mint, KM#111)

•500 Lira, 1988 (bronzital center in acmonital ring, Rome mint, KM#111)

•500 Lira, 1989 (bronzital center in acmonital ring, Rome mint, KM#111)

•500 Lira, 1992 (bronzital center in acmonital ring, Rome mint, KM#111)

•500 Lira, 1993 (bronzital center in acmonital ring, Rome mint, KM#160) Commemorative: 100th Anniversary of the Bank of Italy

•500 Lira, 1994 (bronzital center in acmonital ring, Rome mint, KM#167) Commemorative: 500th Anniversary of Summa de Arithmetica

•1,000 Lira, 1998 (cupronickel center in bronzital ring, Rome mint, KM#194)

•1 Euro Cent, 2013 (copper-plated steel, Rome mint, KM#210)

•2 Euro Cent, 2002 (copper-plated steel, Rome mint, KM#211)

•5 Euro Cent, 2002 (copper-plated steel, Rome mint, KM#212)

•5 Euro Cent, 2006 (copper-plated steel, Rome mint, KM#212)

•10 Euro Cent, 2002 (nordic gold, Rome mint, KM#213)

•20 Euro Cent, 2002 (nordic gold, Rome mint, KM#214)

•20 Euro Cent, 2024 (nordic gold, Rome mint, KM#248)

•50 Euro Cent, 2002 (nordic gold, Rome mint, KM#215)

•1 Euro, 2002 (cupronickel-plated nickel center in nickel brass ring, Rome mint, KM#216)

•2 Euro, 2002 (nickel brass-plated nickel center in cupronickel ring, Rome mint, KM#217)

•2 Euro, 2009 (nickel brass-plated nickel center in cupronickel ring, Rome mint, KM#251)

Banknotes from Italy in the collection

Kingdom (1861-1946)

•1 Lira, 1939 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), P#26)

•1 Lira, 1943 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), P#M10) Allied Military Currency

•2 Lira, 1914 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), P#37)

•5 Lira, 1943 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), P#M18) Allied Military Currency

•10 Lira, 1939 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), P#25)

•50 Lira, 1943 (King Vittorio Emanuelle III (1900-1946), P#M20) Allied Military Currency

Republic (1946-present)

•500 Lira, 1970 (P#93)

•500 Lira, 1979 (P#94)

•1,000 Lira, 1969 (P#101)

•1,000 Lira, 1995 (P#114)

•5,000 Lira, 1979 (P#105)

•10,000 Lira, 1984 (P#112)