Principality of Hungary (896-1000), Kingdom of Hungary (1000-1849, 1849-1918), Hungary (1849, 1919-1920, 1944-1946, 2012-present), Hungarian People's Republic (1918-1919, 1919), Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919), Hungarian State (1920-1945), Hungarian Republic (1946-1949, 1989-2012), Hungarian People's Republic (1949-1989)
Independent State (896-1804, 1849, 1918-present) Crown Land of Austria (1804-1867), Part of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918)
Location: Carpathian Basin
Capital City: Esztergom (896-955, alternate capital to 1256), Székesfehérvár (955-1256), Buda (1256-1315, 1408-1485, 1490-1536, 1784-1873), Temesvár (1315-1323), Visegrád (1323-1408), Bécs (1485-1490), Pozsony (modern Bratislava, 1536-1784), Debrecen (1849, 1944) Budapest (1873-present), Arad (1919)
Government type: Tribal Diarchy (896-904), Feudal Monarchy (904-1301), Absolute Monarchy (1301-1804), Crown Land of the Austrian Empire (1804-1849, 1849-1867), Provisional Government (1849, 1944-1946), Constituent of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918), Republic (1918-1919, 1919, 1946-1949, 1989-present), Communist Republic (1919, 1949-1989), Regency (1920-1944, Fascist Republic (1944-1945)
Main languages: Hungarian
Main religions: Catholic Christianity, Protestant Christianity
Chronology
896: Magyars establish a principality after settling in Pannonia
1000: Prince István elevated to King
1241-1242: Mongol occupation
1264-1265: Hungarian Civil War
1440-1442: Hungarian Civil War
1440-1444: Personal Union with Poland
1490-1526: Personal Union with Bohemia
1491-1804: Personal Union with Austria and other Habsbsurg realms
1804: Crown Land of the Austrian Empire
1848-1849: Revolt against Austrian Rule
1849: Independence declared, surrenders to Austria 4 months later
1867: Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established
1918: Austria-Hungary dissolves, Hungarian People's Republic established
1919: Soviet Republic lasting three months, People's Republic exiled to Arad before Soviet defeat, Romanian occupation between August and November
1920: Hungary votes to restore monarchy, but doesn't actually do it, instead establishing a regency under Admiral Miklós Horthy who serves as head of state
1921: Attempt to actually restore monarchy fails
1944: Horthy's negotiations with Allies prompt Nazi Germany to invade and occupy Hungary, depose the regent, and install Ferenc Szálasi of the fascist Arrow Cross party as puppet dictator, opposition groups form provisional counter government against Szálasi with backing from Soviet Union
1944-1947: Soviet Occupation
1949: Communist government installed
1989: Communist rule ends
Currency
Denier (997-1310)
1 Denier = 2 Obols
Florin (1310-1540)
1 Florin = 2 Thalers = 16 Groschen = 96 Deniers = 192 Obols = 288 Parvus = 384 Quarting
Thaler (1526-1754)
1 Thaler = 40 Groschen = 60 Poltura = 120 Kreuzer = 240 Duarius = 360 Deniers = 720 Obols
Forint (1754-1857)
1 Forint = 60 Kreuzer = 240 Pfennig = 480 Heller • 1 Thaler = 2 Gulden
Decimalized Forint (1857-1892)
1 Forint = 100 Kreuzer
First Korona (1892-1918)
1 Korona = 100 Fillér
Second Korona (1918-1926)
1 Korona = 100 Fillér
Pengő (1926-1946)
1 Pengő = 100 Fillér
Adopengő (1946)
1 Adopengő = 100 Fillér
Forint (1946-present)
1 Forint = 100 Fillér
Coins from Hungary in the collection
Kingdom (1000-1918)
•1 Denier, King Bela II (1131-1141) (silver, ÉH#53)
•1 Denier, 1384 (Queen Maria (1382-1386), silver, ÉH#443)
•1 Denier, 1500-1503 (King Ulászló II (1490-1516), silver, ÉH#642)
•1 Denier, 1568 (King Miksa I (1564-1576), silver (.500), Kremnica mint, ÉH#766)
•1 Denier, 1616 (King Mátyás II (1608-1618), billon, KM#40.1)
•20 Kreuzer, 1841 (King Ferdinánd V (1835-1848), silver (.583), Kremnica mint KM#422)
•4 Kreuzer, 1868 (King Ferenc József (1848-1916), copper, Kremnica mint KM#442)
•1 Fillér, 1900 (King Ferenc József (1848-1916), bronze, Kremnica mint KM#480)
•2 Fillér, 1895 (King Ferenc József (1848-1916), bronze, Kremnica mint KM#481)
•2 Fillér, 1909 (King Ferenc József (1848-1916), bronze, Kremnica mint KM#481)
•10 Fillér, 1894 (King Ferenc József (1848-1916), nickel, Kremnica mint KM#482)
•10 Fillér, 1916 (King Ferenc József (1848-1916), nickel brass, Kremnica mint KM#494)
•1 Korona, 1893 (King Ferenc József (1848-1916), silver (.835), Kremnica mint KM#484)
•1 Korona, 1896 (King Ferenc József (1848-1916), silver (.835), Kremnica mint KM#487) Commemorative: 1000th Anniversary of the Founding of Hungary
•5 Korona, 1907 (King Ferenc József (1848-1916), silver (.900), Kremnica mint KM#489) Comemmorative: 40th Anniversary of Ferenc József's coronation as King of Hungary
Provisional Government (1849)
•6 Kreuzer, 1849 (billon, Baia Mare mint KM#435)
Regency (1920-1944)
•2 Fillér, 1927 (bronze, Budapest mint KM#506)
•2 Fillér, 1928 (bronze, Budapest mint KM#506)
•10 Fillér, 1941 (iron, Budapest mint KM#507a)
•20 Fillér, 1943 (iron, Budapest mint KM#520)
•1 Pengő, 1926 (silver (.640), Budapest mint KM#510)
•1 Pengő, 1941 (aluminum, Budapest mint KM#521)
•2 Pengő, 1935 (silver (.640), Budapest mint KM#514) Commemorative: 200th Anniversary of Ferenc Rákóczi's death
•2 Pengő, 1941 (aluminum, Budapest mint KM#522)
•5 Pengő, 1930 (silver (.640), Budapest mint KM#512) Commemorative: 10th Anniversary of Miklós Horthy’s Regency
Second Republic (1946-1949)
•2 Fillér, 1947 (bronze, Budapest mint KM#529)
Communist Republic (1949-1989)
•2 Fillér, 1963 (aluminum, Budapest mint KM#546)
•10 Fillér, 1963 (aluminum, Budapest mint KM#547)
•20 Fillér, 1973 (aluminum-magnesium, Budapest mint KM#573)
•50 Fillér, 1967 (aluminum-magnesium, Budapest mint KM#574)
•1 Forint, 1965 (aluminum, Budapest mint KM#555)
•1 Forint, 1967 (aluminum-magnesium, Budapest mint KM#575)
•1 Forint, 1981 (aluminum-magnesium, Budapest mint KM#575)
•2 Forint, 1952 (cupronickel, Budapest mint KM#548)
•2 Forint, 1970 (brass, Budapest mint KM#591)
•5 Forint, 1967 (nickel brass, Budapest mint KM#576)
•5 Forint, 1984 (cupronickel, Budapest mint KM#635)
•5 Forint, 1989 (cupronickel, Budapest mint KM#635)
•10 Forint, 1971 (nickel, Budapest mint KM#595)
•10 Forint, 1972 (nickel, Budapest mint KM#595)
•10 Forint, 1989 (aluminum bronze, Budapest mint KM#636)
•20 Forint, 1984 (cupronickel, Budapest mint KM#630)
Fourth Republic (1989-present)
•10 Fillér, 1990 (aluminum, Budapest mint KM#675)
•50 Fillér, 1991 (aluminum, Budapest mint KM#677)
•1 Forint, 1997 (nickel brass, Budapest mint KM#692)
•1 Forint, 2002 (nickel brass, Budapest mint KM#692)
•2 Forint, 1993 (cupronickel, Budapest mint KM#693)
•2 Forint, 1996 (cupronickel, Budapest mint KM#693)
•2 Forint, 2001 (cupronickel, Budapest mint KM#693)
•2 Forint, 2005 (cupronickel, Budapest mint KM#693)
•5 Forint, 1994 (nickel brass, Budapest mint KM#694)
•5 Forint, 2010 (nickel brass, Budapest mint KM#694)
•10 Forint, 1995 (cupronickel, Budapest mint KM#695)
•20 Forint, 1993 (nickel brass, Budapest mint KM#696)
•20 Forint, 1994 (nickel brass, Budapest mint KM#696)
•20 Forint, 2007 (nickel brass, Budapest mint KM#696)
•50 Forint, 1994 (cupronickel, Budapest mint KM#697)
•100 Forint, 1996 (brass-plated steel center in nickel-plated steel ring, Budapest mint KM#721)
•100 Forint, 1997 (brass-plated steel center in nickel-plated steel ring, Budapest mint KM#721)
•100 Forint, 1998 (brass-plated steel center in nickel-plated steel ring, Budapest mint KM#721)
•200 Forint, 2009 (cupronickel center in nickel brass ring, Budapest mint KM#826)
Banknotes from Hungary in the collection
Regency (1920-1944)
•1 Korona, 1920 (P#57)
•100 Pengő, 1930 (P#98)
Soviet Occupation (1944-1947)
•1 Pengő, 1944 (P#M1)
Second Republic (1946-1949)
•50,000,000,000,000,000 Pengő, 1946 (P#134)
Communist Republic (1949-1989)
•1 Forint, 1962 (P#171)
Fourth Republic (1989-present)
•200 Forint, 2007 (P#187)
•500 Forint, 2008 (P#196)