Kingdom of England (881-1649, 1660-1707), Commonwealth of England (1649-1660)
Country in Northwestern Europe (881-1707)
Location: Great Britain
Capital City: Winchester (881-1066), London (1066-1707)
Government type: Feudal Monarchy (881-1485), Centralized Monarchy (1485-1649, 1660-1689), Republic Under a Military Dictatorship (1649-1660), Constitutional Monarchy (1689-1707)
Main languages: English, Welsh
Main religions: Protestant Christianity
Chronology
881: Alfred of Wessex assumes the title "King of the Anglo-Saxons" inferring authority over all England
927: "King of the English" title formally adopted
1013-1014: Personal Union with Denmark and Norway
1028-1035: Personal Union with Denmark and Norway
1066-1204: Personal Union with Normandy
1138-1153: Civil War between Stephen of Blois and Empress Matilda
1170-1707: Personal Union with Ireland
1422-1453: Personal Union with (parts of) France
1603-1707: Personal Union with Scotland
1642-1651: Civil War between Parliamentarians and Royalists
1649: Parliamentarians overthrow and execute King Charles I, instituting Puritan military dictatorship (Commonwealth)
1652: Parliamentarians conquer Scotland into the English Commonwealth
1653: Parliamentarians conquer Ireland
1660: Commonwealth falls, Monarchy restored and the three kingdoms separated again
1689: Constitutional Monarchy put in place with deposition of James II
1707: United with Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain
Currency
Penny (881-1158)
Pound (1158-1707)
1 Pound = 20 Shillings = 240 Pence = 960 Farthings
Coins from England in the collection
Kingdom (881-1649)
•1 Farthing, 1625-1634 (King Charles I (1625-1649), copper, KM#78.3) Richmond Token (type 2)
•1 Penny, 1251-1253 (King Henry III (1216-1272), silver, London mint, Sp#1367)
•1 Penny, 1282-1289 (King Edward I (1272-1307), silver (.925), Durham mint, Sp#1395)
•1 Penny, 1310-1314 (King Edward II (1307-1327), silver, London mint, Sp#1455)
•1 Penny, 1391-1396 (King Richard II (1377-1399), silver, York mint, Sp#1692)
•1 Penny, 1642-1646 (King Charles I (1625-1649), silver, Oxford mint, Sp#2849)
•2 Penny, 1422-1430 (King Charles I (1625-1649), silver, Calais mint, Sp#1836)
•2 Penny, 1525-1544 (King Henry VIII (1509-1547), silver (.925), Calais mint, Sp#2337E)
•6 Penny, 1575 (Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603), silver (.925), London mint, Sp#2563)
•6 Penny, 1575 (Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603), silver (.925), London mint, Sp#2563) Doubled obverse error
•1 Shilling, 1551 (King Edward VI (1547-1553), silver (.929), Sp#2482)
•1 Shilling, 1605-1606 (King James I (1603-1625), silver (.929), KM#26)
Commonwealth (1649-1660)
•2 Penny, 1649-1660 (silver, Sp#3221)
Restored Kingdom (1660-1707)
•1 Farthing, 1674 (King Charles II (1660-1685), copper, KM#436.1)
•2 Penny, 1675 (King Charles II (1660-1685), silver (.925), KM#429)
•4 Penny, 1687 (King James II (1685-1688), silver (.925), KM#455.1) Overdate 1686
•4 Penny, 1689 (King William III and Queen Mary II (1688-1694), silver (.925), KM#471.1)
•6 Penny, 1697 (King William III (1688-1702), silver (.925), KM#496)