Kingdom of Egypt (3150-2181 BC, 2055-1650 BC, 1550-1077 BC, 664-526 BC, 404-343 BC, 305-30 BC, 1922-1953), Khedivate of Egypt (1805-1914), Sultanate of Egypt (1914-1922), Republic of Egypt (1953-1958), United Arab Republic (1961-1971), Arab Republic of Egypt (1971-present)
Country in North Africa (3150-2181 BC, 2055-1650 BC, 1550-1077 BC, 656-671 BC, 612-526 BC, 404-343 BC, 305-30 BC, 1805-1914, 1922-1953), British Protectorate (1914-1922)
Location: Northweast Africa
Capital City: Thinis (3150-3100 BC), Memphis (3100-2181 BC, 1213-1077 BC), Thebes (2055-1991 BC, 1550-1352 BC, 1336-1279 BC), Itjtawy (1991-1650 BC), Amarna (1352-1336 BC), Pi-Ramesses (1279-1213 BC), Sais (664-526 BC, 404-398 BC), Mendes (398-380 BC), Sebennytos (380-343 BC), Alexandria (305-30 BC), Cairo (1804-present)
Government type: Absolte Monarchy (3150-2181 BC, 2055-1650 BC, 1550-1077 BC, 664-526 BC, 404-343 BC, 305-30 BC, 1804-1923), Constitutional Monarchy (1923-1953), Republic (1953-1958, 1961-present)
Main languages: Arabic
Main religions: Sunni Islam, Coptic Christianity
Chronology
3150 BC: Egypt Unified by Pharaoh Narmer
2181 BC: First Intermediate Period, Egypt fragments into smaller states
2055 BC: Reunified by Mentuhotep II of the Eleventh Dynasty
1650 BC: Second Intermediate Period, collapses into small states following Hyksos invasion
1550 BC: Reunified by Ahmose I of the Eighteenth Dynasty
1077 BC: Third Intermediate period, breaks up into smaller states
744-664 BC: Conquered first by Nubians, then by Assyrians
664 BC: Independence restored by Psamtik I of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty
526 BC: Conquest by Achaemenid Persia
404 BC: Independence restored by Amenirdisu of the Twenty-eighth Dynasty
343 BC: Persian reconquest
305 BC: Independent under Greek Ptolemaic Pharaohs after collapse of Macedonian Empire
30 BC: Conquered by Rome
1804: De Facto independence of Ottoman Egypt under Muhammad Ali Pasha
1867: Ottomans recognize the Egyptian title of Khedive but Egypt remains de jure under Ottoman suzerainty
1914: British Protectorate, Khedive takes the title of Sultan
1922: Independence restored, Sultan takes the title of King
1953: Military overthrows king, establishes republic
1958: United with Syria as United Arab Republic
1961: Syria leaves UAR, Egypt keeps the name and claims Syria
1971: Egypt recognizes Syrian independence and drops the United Arab Republic name
Note: Other states in Egypt that existed between 30 BC and 1804 AD are given separate entries.
Currency
Stater (404-343 BC)
1 Stater = 8 Tritartemorion • 20 Stater = 1 Daric
First Drachm (305-294 BC)
1 Drachm = 6 Obols
Second Drachm (294-272 BC)
1 Drachm = 6 Obols
Third Drachm (272-260 BC)
1 Drachm = 6 Obols
Fourth Drachm (260-204 BC)
1 Drachm = 6 Obols
Fifth Drachm (204-30 BC)
1 Drachm = 6 Obols = 24 Tetrartemorion = 48 Chalkon
Piastre (1804-1834)
1 Piastre = 40 Para = 120 Akçe
First Pound (1834-1916)
1 Pound = 100 Piastres/Qirsh = 4000 Paras
Second Pound (1916-present)
1 Pound = 100 Piastres/Qirsh = 1000 Milliemes
Coins from Egypt in the collection
Ptolemaic Kingdom (305-30 BC)
•4 Obol, Pharaoh Ptolemy III Euergetes (246-222 BC) (bronze, Alexandria mint, SvoronosPt#974)
•1 Chalkon, Pharaoh Ptolemy VI Philometor (181-145 BC) (bronze, Alexandria mint, SvoronosPt#1426)
Khedivate (1804-1914)
•1/10 Piastre, 1897 (Khedive Abbas II (1892-1914), cupronickel, Berlin, Vienna, and Brussels mints, KM#289)
•2/10 Piastre, 1914 (Khedive Abbas II (1892-1914), cupronickel, Vienna mint, KM#303)
•5/10 Piastre, 1884 (Khedive Tewfik (1879-1892), cupronickel, Berlin, Heaton (Birmingham), and Vienna mints, KM#291)
•5/10 Piastre, 1885 (Khedive Tewfik (1879-1892), cupronickel, Berlin, Heaton (Birmingham), and Vienna mints, KM#291)
•40 Para, 1870 (Khedive Isma’il (1867-1879), bronze, KM#248.1)
•10 Piastre, 1876 (Khedive Isma’il (1867-1879), silver (.900), KM#243a)
•10 Piastre, 1914 (Khedive Abbas II (1892-1914), silver (.833), Heaton Mint (Birmingham), KM#309)
•20 Piastre, 1868 (Khedive Isma’il (1867-1879), bronze, KM#244)
Sultanate (1914-1922)
•1/2 Millieme, 1917 (Sultan Hussein Kamel (1914-1917), bronze, Calcutta mint, KM#312)
•1 Millieme, 1917 (Sultan Hussein Kamel (1914-1917), cupronickel, Heaton Mint (Birmingham), KM#313)
•5 Millieme, 1917 (Sultan Hussein Kamel (1914-1917), cupronickel, Bombay mint, KM#315)
•10 Millieme, 1917 (Sultan Hussein Kamel (1914-1917), cupronickel, Heaton Mint (Birmingham), KM#316)
•10 Millieme, 1917 (Sultan Hussein Kamel (1914-1917), cupronickel, Kings Norton Mint (Birmingham), KM#316)
Kingdom (1922-1953)
•1 Millieme, 1938 (King Farouk (1936-1952), bronze, Heaton Mint (Birmingham), KM#358)
•2.5 Millieme, 1933 (King Fuad I (1922-1936), cupronickel, Heaton Mint (Birmingham), KM#356)
•5 Millieme, 1938 (King Farouk (1936-1952), cupronickel, Heaton Mint (Birmingham), KM#363)
•5 Millieme, 1941 (King Farouk (1936-1952), cupronickel, Heaton Mint (Birmingham), KM#346)
•5 Millieme, 1943 (King Farouk (1936-1952), bronze, London mint, KM#360)
•10 Millieme, 1938 (King Farouk (1936-1952), cupronickel, Heaton Mint (Birmingham), KM#364)
•10 Millieme, 1943 (King Farouk (1936-1952), bronze, London mint, KM#361)
•5 Piastre, 1923 (King Fuad I (1922-1936), silver (.833), London mint, KM#336)
First Republic (1953-1958)
•5 Millieme, 1957 (aluminum bronze, Cairo mint, KM#379)
•10 Millieme, 1958 (aluminum bronze, Cairo mint, KM#381)
•5 Piastre, 1956 (silver (.720), Cairo mint, KM#382)
•25 Piastre, 1956 (silver (.720), Cairo mint, KM#385) Commemorative: Nationalization of the Suez Canal
United Arab Republic (1961-1971)
•5 Millieme, 1967 (aluminum-magnesium, Cairo mint, KM#410)
•10 Millieme, 1967 (aluminum-magnesium, Cairo mint, KM#411)
•5 Piastre, 1968 (cupronickel, Cairo mint, KM#414) Commemorative: Cairo Industrial Fair
Arab Republic (1971-present)
•1 Millieme, 1972 (aluminum-magnesium, Cairo mint, KM#A423)
•5 Millieme, 1973 (aluminum bronze, Cairo mint, KM#432)
•5 Millieme, 1973 (aluminum-magnesium, Cairo mint, KM#433) Commemorative: FAO (Completion of the Aswan High Dam)
•5 Millieme, 1975 (aluminum bronze, Cairo mint, KM#445) International Women's Year
•10 Millieme, 1971 (aluminum bronze, Cairo mint, KM#435)
•1 Piastre, 1984 (aluminum bronze, Cairo mint, KM#553)
•2 Piastre, 1980 (aluminum bronze, Cairo mint, KM#500)
•5 Piastre, 1972 (cupronickel, Cairo mint, KM#A428)
•5 Piastre, 1984 (aluminum bronze, Cairo mint, KM#555)
•5 Piastre, 1992 (aluminum bronze, Cairo mint, KM#731)
•10 Piastre, 1972 (cupronickel, Cairo mint, KM#430)
•10 Piastre, 1974 (cupronickel, Cairo mint, KM#442) Commemorative: First Anniversary of the October War
•10 Piastre, 1980 (cupronickel, Cairo mint, KM#503) Commemorative: Physician's Day
•10 Piastre, 1984 (cupronickel, Cairo mint, KM#430)
•10 Piastre, 1987 (cupronickel, KM#652) Commemorative: General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI)
•25 Piastre, 2019 (nickel-plated steel, Cairo and Llantrisant mints, KM#991)
•20 Piastre, 2007 (cupronickel, Cairo and Llantrisant mints, KM#942.2)
•1 Pound, 2008 (brass-plated steel center in nickel-plated steel ring, Cairo and Llantrisant mints, KM#940a)
Banknotes from Egypt in the collection
Kingdom (1922-1953)
•1 Pound, 1941 (King Farouk (1936-1952), P#22)
United Arab Republic (1961-1971)
•1 Pound, 1968 (P#44)
Arab Republic (1971-present)
•5 Piastre, 1971 (P#182)
•10 Piastre, 1971 (P#183)
•10 Piastre, 1998-1999 (P#189a)
•50 Piastre, 2011 (P#62)
•1 Pound, 1982-1984 (P#50)