Burma/Myanmar

Pagan Kingdom (849-1287), Toungoo Kingdom (1510-1752), Konbaung Kingdom (1752-1885), Province of Burma (1886-1937), Colony of Burma (1937-1943, 1945-1948), State of Burma (1943-1945), Union of Burma (1948-1974, 1988-1989), Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1974-1988), Union of Myanmar (1989-2011), Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2011-present)

Independent Kingdom (849-1287, 1510-1885), Province of British India (1886-1937), British Colony (1937-1943, 1945-1948), Puppet State of Japan (1943-1945), Independent Republic (1948-present)

Location: Southeast Asia

Capital City: Pagan (849-1287), Toungoo (1510-1539), Pegu (1539-1599, 1613-1635), Ava (1599-1613, 1635-1752, 1765-1783, 1821-1842), Shwebo (1752-1760), Sagaing (1760-1765), Amarapura (1783-1821, 1842-1857), Mandalay (1857-1885), Rangoon (1886-2010), Naypyidaw (2005-present)

Government type: Absolute Monarchy (849-1287, 1510-1885), Province of India (1886-1937), British Colony (1937-1943, 1945-1948), Republic (1943-1945, 1948-present)

Main languages: Burmese, Chin, Shan, Mon, Karen

Main religions: Theravada Buddhism

Note: The names "Burma" and "Myanmar" mean the same thing in the Burmese language. Burma is the name in the informal register of the language, and Myanmar is the formal one. Both names are used interchangably both inside and outside the country. I've used Burma as the primary name here out of personal preference.

Chronology

849: Pagan Kingdom founded, comes to unite most of Burma

1287: Pagan collapses after Mongol invasions

1287-1510: Split into multiple regional kingdoms (Myinsaing, Pinya, Ava, Prome, Hanthawaddy-Pegu)

1510: Burma reunited by Toungoo dynasty

1826: British Burma, subordinated to India, established with the acquisition of Arakan and Tenasserim

1885: All of Burma under British control, split into Upper and Lower Burma

1886: Burma province within British India

1937: Burma separated from India

1942-1945: Occupied by Japan

1943-1945: Japanese puppet state

1945: British rule restored

1948: Independence from Britain

1962-2011, 2021-present: Ruled by Military Junta

Currency

First Kyat (1852-1889)

1 Kyat = 5 Mat = 10 Mu = 20 Pe = 80 Pya

First Rupee (1937-1944)

1 Rupee = 100 Cents

Second Kyat (1944-1945)

Second Rupee (1945-1952)

1 Rupee = 16 Pe = 64 Pya

Third Kyat (1952-present)

1 Kyat = 100 Pya

Coins from Burma in the collection

Konbaung Kingdom (1752-1885)

•1 Kyat, 1853 (King Mindon Min (1853-1878), silver (.917), Mandalay mint, KM#10)

Republic (1948-present)

•1 Kyat, 1956 (cupronickel, London and Berlin mints, KM#37)

•1 Kyat, 1975 (cupronickel, KM#47) Commemorative: FAO

•1 Kyat, 1999 (bronze, Security Printing Works Factory (Wazi), KM#60)

Banknotes from Burma in the collection

Japanese Occupation and Puppet state (1942-1945)

•1/2 Rupee, 1942 (P#13)

•5 Rupee, 1942-1944 (P#15)

•100 Rupee, 1944 (P#17)

Republic (1948-present)

•50 Pyas, 1994 (P#68)

•1 Kyat, 1965 (P#52)

•1 Kyat, 1972 (P#56)

•1 Kyat, 1996 (P#69)

•5 Kyat, 1997 (P#70)

•10 Kyat, 1996 (P#71)

•100 Kyat, 1996 (P#74)