Duchy of Bavaria (555-788, 911-1253, 1340-1349,1503-1623), Electorate of Bavaria (1623-1706, 1714-1806), Kingdom of Bavaria (806-911, 1806-1918)
Independent state (555-788, 1813-1871), State of the Holy Roman Empire (911-1806), State of the Confederation of the Rhine (1806-1813) State of the German Empire (1871-1918)
Location: Southeast Germany
Capital City: Regensburg (555-1253), Munich (1340-1918)
Government type: Feudal Monarchy, Absolute Monarchy, Constitutional Monarchy (1818-1918)
Main languages: German
Main religions: Catholic Christianity
Chronology
555: Duchy founded by Bavarian tribe
788: Conquered by Franks
806: Bavarian Kingdom within the Carolingian Empire
911: Duchy established within Holy Roman Empire
1253: Split into Upper and Lower Bavaria
1340: Reunited
1349: Split into Upper and Lower Bavaria again, which are later further split
1503: Bavarian states (Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Landshut) reunited
1623: Raised to Electorate
1706: Partitioned between Austria and the Palatinate
1714: Restored
1806: Raised to Kingdom as a member of the Confederation of the Rhine
1813: Confederation of the Rhine dissolves
1871: Member state within the German Empire
1918: Kingdom Abolished
Currency
Pfennig (907-1504)
4 Pfennige/Denier = 1 Kreuzer • 60 Kreuzer = 1 Gulden
Thaler (1505-1752)
1 Thaler = 1 Guldenthaler = 15 Batzen = 20 Groschen = 30 Gröschl = 60 Kreuzer = 210 Pfennig = 420 Heller • 1 Ducat = 2 Thaler • 1 Goldgulden = 1.5 Thaler
Conventionsthaler (1752-1837)
1 Conventionsthaler = 120 Kreuzer = 144 Kreuzer Land Münze = 576 Pfenning = 1152 Heller • 1 Goldgulden = 1½ Thaler • 1 Ducat = 2 Thaler • 1 Maximilian d'Or = 4½ Thaler
Gulden (1837-1856)
1 Gulden = 60 Kreuzer = 240 Pfennig = 480 Heller • 1 Ducat = 5.5 Gulden
Gulden (1857-1873)
1 Gulden = 60 Kreuzer = 240 Pfennig • 1 Krone = 15.75 Gulden • 1 Vereinsthaler = 1.75 Gulden
Mark (1871-1918)
1 Mark = 100 Pfennig
Coins from Bavaria in the collection
Duchy (911-1253)
•1 Denier, Duke Otto II (1231-1253) (silver, Regensburg mint, EmReg#227)
Electorate (1714-1806)
•15 Kreuzer, 1715 (Elector Maximilian II (1679-1726), silver (.720), Munich mint, KM#384)
•1 Pfennig, 1796 (Elector Karl Theodor (1777-1799), copper, Munich mint, KM#581)
Kingdom (1806-1918)
•6 Kreuzer, 1808 (King Maximilian I (1805-1825), billon, Munich mint, KM#686)
•1 Pfennig, 1852 (King Maximilian II (1848-1864), copper, Munich mint, KM#797)
•1 Gulden, 1842 (King Ludwig I (1825-1848), silver (.900), Munich mint, KM#788)
•2 Gulden, 1855 (King Maximilian II (1848-1864), silver (.900), Munich mint, KM#848) Commemorative: Restoration of the Madonna Column in Munich
Banknotes from Bavaria in the collection
Kingdom (1806-1918)
•100 Mark, 1900 (King Otto (1886-1913), P#S922)